The interrelationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease is one of the most extensively studied and clinically Affiliation: significant examples of the oral-systemic health connection. Diabetes, particularly when poorly controlled, is a major risk factor for the onset and progression of periodontal disease due to its effects on immune function, vascular integrity, and inflammatory responses. Conversely, chronic periodontitis has been shown to adversely affect glycemic control and increase the risk of diabetes-related complications. This lecture explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this bidirectional association, reviews current evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies, and highlights the importance of integrated care between dental and medical professionals. Emphasis will be placed on the role of inflammation, the impact of periodontal therapy on glycemic outcomes, and practical strategies for early detection and collaborative management of patients with both conditions. Understanding this dynamic relationship is critical for improving patient outcomes and promoting holistic approaches to chronic disease management.

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