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Diabetes Mellitus: Understanding the Mechanisms and Impact on Human Health

The Diabetes Mellitus and Research session at this year’s conference will delve into the latest scientific advances in understanding the pathophysiology, treatment and prevention of diabetes. With diabetes becoming a global health crisis, recent research has revealed crucial insights into the mechanisms behind the types of diabetes both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, highlighting the role of insulin resistance, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammation. New findings about the involvement of T cells and the immune system have opened up exciting possibilities for targeted therapies that may slow disease progression or even halt the onset of diabetes in high-risk populations.
Although diabetes has no cure, the person should take steps to manage diabetes and stay healthy.
Decoding Endocrine Disorders: Innovations in Research and Therapy

The Endocrine Glands and Disorders theme at Diabetes 2025 will explore the vital role of the endocrine system in metabolic regulation and its connection to diabetes. Endocrine glands, including the pancreas, thyroid, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland, secrete hormones that control essential processes like metabolism, growth and stress response. Dysfunction in any of these glands can lead to disorders that impact glucose regulation, making them key contributors to diabetes development and management.
Types of Diabetes: Understanding the Diversity and Mechanisms

Diabetes refers to a group of diseases that affect how the body processes blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is essential for energy and insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate its levels in the blood. When insulin is insufficient or the body cannot use it properly, blood sugar levels rise, leading to diabetes.

There are several types of diabetes, each with its own causes, symptoms and management strategies:
  • Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
  • Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
  • Gestational Diabetes
  • Monogenic Diabetes
  • Type 3c Diabetes
  • Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes (CFRD)
  • Steroid-Induced Diabetes


Diabetes Symptoms and Complications: Recognize, Prevent, and Manage

This session will cover the clinical presentation of diabetes, and the discussion will also explore long-term complications, including microvascular effects such as Diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, and macrovascular issues like cardiovascular disease and peripheral artery disease. Participants will gain insights into the prevention of diabetic foot complications and the psychological impacts of diabetes, such as stress, anxiety, and depression. 
Endocrine and Hormonal Imbalance: Understanding and Managing the Silent Disruptors

This session offers a detailed examination of the intricate relationship between the endocrine system and overall health, highlighting the critical role hormones play in maintaining physiological equilibrium. Attendees will gain insights into common hormonal disorders, including thyroid dysfunction, adrenal imbalances, and reproductive hormone disruptions, and their potential long-term complications. With a focus on evidence-based approaches, the session will cover diagnostic techniques, treatment modalities, and lifestyle interventions, empowering participants to enhance patient outcomes and promote optimal hormonal health.

Diabetic Clinical Care and Prevention - Empowering Lives Through Evidence-Based Care and Proactive Prevention

The session aims to equip healthcare professionals with the knowledge and skills needed to address the growing burden of diabetes through effective clinical care and preventive strategies. Attendees will learn about current diagnostic criteria, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, and innovative approaches to diabetes management. The discussion will also cover methods to reduce the risk of complications, such as cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, and retinopathy, while promoting sustainable lifestyle changes and patient empowerment as key pillars of diabetes prevention and care.
Food Science, Nutrition, and Dietetics: Enhancing Health Through Science-Based Diets

In this session, we will explore the integral role of food science, nutrition, and dietetics in managing chronic conditions such as diabetes and endocrine disorders. The session will provide insights into how nutrition science influences disease prevention, treatment, and overall health outcomes. Participants will engage with leading experts in the field who will discuss the latest advancements in personalized nutrition, sustainable diet practices, and how these are applied to managing conditions like diabetes. Whether you're a healthcare professional, researcher, or student, this session will provide valuable knowledge and practical tools that can be applied in everyday practice.
The session aims to address the growing global challenges of obesity and metabolic syndrome by equipping attendees with knowledge about their root causes, clinical manifestations, and systemic implications. Discussions will focus on practical approaches to manage and prevent these conditions through comprehensive care models that incorporate dietary planning, physical activity, behavioral interventions, and medical treatments. Attendees will also explore cutting-edge research and innovative solutions to reduce the burden of these interconnected health issues and improve patient outcomes.

Advances in Reproductive Endocrinology and Innovative Solutions for Infertility

This session will provide an in-depth exploration of the latest advancements in reproductive endocrinology and infertility treatment. It will cover the hormonal regulation of fertility, the challenges faced in diagnosing and treating infertility, and the innovative solutions currently reshaping the field. Leading experts will discuss the role of assisted reproductive technologies, lifestyle factors influencing fertility, and emerging therapies for both male and female infertility. The session will also highlight future trends, including advancements in genetic testing, stem cell research and fertility preservation techniques.
Innovations in Pediatric Endocrinology: Enhancing Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Outcomes

This session will delve into the complexities and innovations within pediatric endocrinology, covering both common and rare conditions encountered in childhood. Experts will present on cutting-edge research in hormone imbalances, offering insights into early detection, personalized treatment options, and the integration of technological advances in clinical care. The session aims to facilitate in-depth discussions on the evolving landscape of pediatric endocrine care, from early interventions to long-term management with a strong focus on improving the quality of life for young patients.

Empowering Nursing Care: Innovations in Diabetes Management

The basic management of diabetes is the control and normalization of insulin level  to reduce the development of vascular and neuropathic complications. Diabetes management has several components and involves constant assessment with modification of the treatment plan by healthcare professionals and daily adjustments in therapy by the patient.
The nurses should access the patient’s history, assess physical condition, assess the BMI and visual acuity of patient.

Role of Nursing in Diabetes Care
Patient Education and Empowerment
Preventing and Managing Complications
Multidisciplinary Collaboration
Innovations in Nursing Practice


Anterior pituitary dysfunction causes either due to hyper secretion or hypo secretion of pituitary hormones. Brain control of the synthesis and secretion of pituitary AdrenoCorticoTrophic Hormone (ACTH) is mediated by neurohormones released from the hypothalamus at the bottom of the brain and transported by the hypophysial portal vessels to the anterior pituitary gland. The brain-pituitary neuroendocrine system processes information from and enables endocrine responses to external factors, like stress, day length and changes in ambient temperature.
• Glucose metabolism
• Diabetic coma
• Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency Clinical Management
• Normal Physiology of Growth Hormone in Adults
•      Stress and trauma
Diabetic retinopathy is caused by damage to the blood vessels within the tissue at the rear of the attention (retina). Poorly controlled blood glucose may be a risk factor. Early symptoms are blurriness, floaters, dark areas of vision and difficulty perceiving colours. Blindness can occur. Mild cases could also be treated with careful diabetes management. Advanced cases may require laser treatment or surgery.
• Early diabetic retinopathy
• Advanced diabetic retinopathy
Treatment for diabetes requires keeping close watch your blood glucose levels (and keeping them at a goal set by your doctor) with a mixture of medicines, exercise, and diet. Some people with diabetes use a computerized pump called an insulin pump that provides insulin on a group basis. Some pills contain quite one sort of diabetes medication.
Vitamins B6 and B12 may help treat diabetic nerve pain if the patient got low levels of those vitamins which is contributing to the nerve pain. But otherwise, there's no clinical proof that taking these vitamins will help.
• Oral medicine
• Possibly, diabetes medication or insulin therapy
• Foot care
Damage to insulin-producing cells in your pancreas from chronic pancreatitis can cause diabetes, a disease that affects the way your body uses blood glucose. Pancreatogenic diabetes may be a sort of secondary diabetes, classified by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and therefore the World Health Organization as type 3c DM (T3cDM).1,2 It refers to diabetes thanks to diseases of the exocrine pancreas: pancreatitis (acute, relapsing, or chronic pancreatitis of any etiology), pancreatectomy/trauma, neoplasia, CF, hemochromatosis, and fibrocalculous pancreatopathy
• Pancreatic diabetes
• chronic pancreatitis

High blood glucose can damage blood vessels and therefore the nerves that control the patient heart. People with diabetes also are more likely to possess other conditions that raise the danger for heart condition. People with diabetes also are more likely to possess coronary failure. coronary failure may be a serious condition, but it doesn’t mean the guts has stopped beating; it means your heart can’t pump blood well.
• Obesity and belly fat
• Manage the diabetes ABCs
• Maintain healthy lifestyle habits
Clinical Endocrinology is the investigation of endocrine disorders, imaging in endocrinology and therefore the clinical application of molecular endocrinology. Clinical endocrinology is that the study of the system, its function and its diseases or abnormalities. The system refers to those organs within the body which release hormones that regulate many of the body’s functions like the pancreas, the pituitary and therefore the thyroid. Clinical endocrinology may treat any sorts of disorders of metabolism and bridge the negative consequences on things like bone strength and stability thanks to loss of hormones as a traditional effect of aging.
• Endocrine diagnosis and treatment
• Clinical research on endocrinology
• Medications for endocrinology disorder
Researchers have discovered a completely unique and druggable insulin inhibitory receptor, named inceptor. The blocking of inceptor function results in an increased sensitisation of the insulin signaling pathway. Recent approaches in drug discovery have contributed to the event of latest class of therapeutics like Incretin mimetics, Amylin analogues, GIP analogs, Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor as targets for potential drugs in diabetes treatment. 
• Drug research on Diabetes
• Drug/Chemical induced diabetes
• Artificial Pancreas

Exploring the Interconnection Between Diabetes and Liver Disease: Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment and Management

The session Diabetes and Liver Disease examines the critical connection between diabetes and liver health, focusing on how metabolic disorders like diabetes contribute to the development and progression of liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. As the prevalence of both diabetes and liver disease rises globally, understanding their intersection is crucial for effective diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies.
Monogenic diabetes is a rare condition performing from mutations ( changes) in a single gene. In discrepancy, the most common types of diabetes  type 1 and type 2 are caused by multiple genes. In most cases, the monogenic diabetes are inherited. Diabetes mellitus is a miscellaneous group of diseases characterized by patient with hyperglycemia. 
Inheritable testing can identify these mutations in certain cases, but the utility of the information they give varies. First, it depends on whether the form of diabetes is monogenic or polygenic.
Both type 1 and type 2 are caused by a combination of inheritable and environmental risk factors. The inheritable mutations that beget diabetes involve the proteins responsible for insulin product or the capability of the body to use insulin, according to the NIDDK. Mutations beget the proteins to serve inaptly.
• Monogeneic Diabetes
• Polygeeneic Diabetes
Recent research have found that diabetes and thyroid disorders tend to coexist in patients. Both conditions involve a dysfunction of the endocrine system. Thyroid problems can have a significant impact on glucose control, and untreated thyroid disorders have a negative impact on diabetes care in patients. But when thyroid function is regularized, this may lead to high blood glucose situations and adverse effects on glycemic control.
• Hypothyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism
• Thyroid dysfunction and Diabetes Mellitus
• Thyroid Surgery
• Thyroid Cancer
•  Thyroxine
Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is the main source of end-stage kidney illness (ESKD) in created nations, including the Unified States. It is considered a microvascular entanglement and happens in both diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM).
• Dialysis
• Chronic Kidney disease and Management
• Nephrology and Therapeutics
• Glomerular Hyperfiltration
As the medical technology continues to grow, as year by year has seen the that innovation and release of many medical devices to help diabetes patients to monitor their condition.
There are some advanced medical devices in the market which monitor the blood glucose continuously which encompasses both diet and exercise in its suite of tools and gives the patient one-to-one access to experts if they need further assistance.
• Ketone monitor
• Blood glucose monitor
• Continuous glucose monitor
• Insulin pumps
• Smart insulin pens
• Diabetes management app
•      Non-invasive blood sugar monitor

Endocrine surgery procedure is a subspecialty of general a medical procedure that centres transcendently around infections of the thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands. Endocrine surgery procedure offers one more therapy option in contrast to the regularly utilized chemical administration course. An endocrine specialist has some expertise in the careful treatment of endocrine illnesses. Treating thyroid, adrenal, and parathyroid issues through endocrine medical procedure is a multidisciplinary technique that requires the cooperation of endocrinologists and endocrine surgeon.
• Adrenalectomy
• Parathyroidectomy
• Thyroidectomy
• Thyroid lobectomy

People with diabetes are more likely to possess serious complications from COVID-19.  People with pre-existing medical conditions like diabetes appear to be more susceptible to becoming severely ill with COVID-19. Recent investigation shows that Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular diseases are considered to be risk factors for increased coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease severity and worse outcomes in the society, including higher mortality. As COVID-19 lacks definitive treatment thus far, patients with Diabetes Mellitus should follow general preventive rules strictly and monitor glucose levels more frequently, engage in physical activity, eat healthily and control other risk factors.
• Corona Virus complication
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Communicable disease Prevention and control
Diabetic foot complications, primarily stemming from neuropathy and poor circulation, can lead to serious issues like ulcers and infections. Loss of sensation from nerve damage makes injury detection difficult, while poor blood flow hampers healing, increasing infection risk. To prevent complications such as skin problems, ulcers, or even gangrene, people with diabetes should maintain good foot hygiene, routinely check their feet, wear proper shoes, and promptly address foot injuries. Effective blood sugar control is also essential to avert these diabetic foot issues.
• Athlete's foot
• Diabetic ulcers
• Calluses
• Corns
• Blisters

Stem cell treatment for diabetes involves using these undifferentiated cells to repair or replace damaged pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for producing insulin. In type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune response destroys these cells, leading to a lack of insulin and uncontrolled blood sugar levels. Research into stem cell therapy aims to restore insulin production, potentially offering a cure or significantly improving disease management. While still in experimental stages, several clinical trials have shown promise with some patients experiencing periods of reduced insulin dependency. However, challenges such as ensuring long-term survival of the transplanted cells and preventing immune rejection remain. If these can be overcome, stem cell therapy could revolutionize diabetes treatment.
• Somatic cell Therapy
• Type 1 Diabetes Beta Cells
• Cord blood stem cells
• Stem Cell Educator
• Thymic regulatory T cells
Steroid hormones like estrogen and testosterone orchestrate key bodily functions by passing through cell membranes and binding to specific receptors inside cells. This union triggers changes in gene expression, influencing processes such as metabolism, immune function, and reproduction. The precision of this hormone-receptor interaction is vital for maintaining health, with imbalances leading to conditions like Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease. Research into these pathways is critical for crafting therapies for hormone-related disorders.
• Mineralocorticoid receptor
• Nuclear hormone receptors
• Hydroxysteroids
• Ketosteroids
• Hormone Responsive Elements

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