Introduction: AdipoQ G/T polymorphism in the adiponectin gene play a crucial role in metabolic processes and cardiovascular health. Variations in this gene could lead to differences in the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, especially in populations with specific genetic backgrounds, such as Punjabi women. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious threat in female population particularly after menopause. The variants of adiponectin gene are found to be associated with diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome markers and cardiovascular disease.

Aim: The present study aimed to screen the prevalence of +276 G/T polymorphism of AdipoQ gene in menopausal women of Punjab with and without the family history of CVD

Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from intravenous blood for all the participants. Genotyping of +276 G/T polymorphism in the AdipoQ gene was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – based Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP).

Results: Prevalence of TT genotype was higher among cases (22.3%) than among controls (4.4%). Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the frequency distribution of TT genotype (p=0.020) in cases with positive family h/o CVD. TT genotype also provided significant risk ~9 folds towards CVD predisposition [p=0.001; OR=9.90(3.77-25.99)] in cases with negative family h/o CVD.

Conclusion: The present study reveals the prevalence of TT genotype to be more in cases as compared to controls in women both with and without family h/o CVD. Women with a family history of cardiovascular issues may exhibit a higher prevalence of certain alleles associated with increased risk factors, while those without such a history may show different patterns. A family history of cardiovascular disease may indicate shared genetic and environmental risk factors, which could influence the prevalence of the AdipoQ polymorphism and its association with cardiovascular health in this population. Interaction of susceptibility genes, environmental factors along with conventional risk factors contribute drastically to the pathogenesis of CVD. Understanding these factors can help in assessing the overall risk and developing targeted interventions for Punjabi menopausal women regarding cardiovascular health.