Acute pancreatitis is the most common gastrointestinal disease in hospital admissions. The predominant causes are: gallstones (40%), prolonged alcohol consumption (30%) and hypertriglyceridemia (2-5%). Other less frequent causes are related to drugs, trauma, ischemia, infections, autoimmune diseases, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and hypercalcemia. We present the case of a 54-year-old patient with acute pancreatitis associated to goiter, bilateral renal lithiasis, and hypercalcemia with no important pathological history for the current disease. Therefore, a study protocol was performed as a reason for acute pancreatitis, finding primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma as cause of the acute disease. In this case, definitive surgery avoided acute complications, and could prevent disability and chronic or recurrent pancreatitis readmissions, that could lead the patient even to death.