Early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus is usually based on risk factors owned by a person such as family history, obesity, and lifestyle. Early detection of genetic polymorphism in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has not been widely applied clinically due to technological limitations, especially in developing countries. Relevant data regarding genes that influence the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus can support advances in technology for detecting genetic polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was collected in three databases, PubMed, Science Direct and Cochrane. Screening was carried out on studies according to the inclusion criteria automatically using the advanced search feature and manually by reading the title and abstract. The studies involved in this research were assessed for study quality using the CEBM (Center for Evidence-Based Medicine) Critical Appraisal Worksheet for Systematic Reviews tools. In total, 28 studies were obtained from the three databases that met the criteria, including three studies discussing the MTNR1B gene, two studies discussing the PPARᵧ, KCNJ11, CDKAL1, VDR, and UCP2 genes. Another study analyzed the influence of genetic polymorphisms of the TCF7L2, TLR4, CD36, THFR, KCNQ1, IL-6, miR-146a, FNDC5, AGER, PGC-1α, MCP-1, TNF-α, CTLA-4, and ApoE genes. All of these genes can act as predictors of the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, except for the CD36 gene which has not been proven to act as a predictor gene for the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.