The objective of this study was to explore the influence of nutritional training based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on nutritional knowledge, carbohydrate consumption, and blood glucose control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This randomized controlled trial involved 80 patients with T2DM aged 30–60 years who were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 40) and control (n = 40) groups. The intervention group received three 60-minute nutrition-based training sessions, while both groups participated in routine diabetes educational programs at health centers. A multi-section questionnaire consisting of demographic information, 11 knowledge items, and 28 HBM-related items was administered at baseline and three months after the intervention. Blood glucose control indicators were also measured to assess the effectiveness of the intervention on glycemic control. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and paired t-tests, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. After three months, the intervention group demonstrated significant increases in nutritional knowledge, perceived severity, and internal cues to action compared with the control group (P = 0.001). HbA1c levels decreased from 7.47 ± 1.37% to 6.93 ± 1.17% in the intervention group (P = 0.001), representing a significant difference compared with the control group (P = 0.048). These findings indicate that a nutrition-based educational intervention grounded in the Health Belief Model can positively influence nutritional knowledge and improve blood glucose control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Fatemeh Azizi-Soleiman completed her PhD in Nutrition and has developed expertise in the fields of clinical nutrition, nutritional education, and diet therapy. She has contributed to research and academic activities in nutrition, with a particular focus on nutrition-related health conditions and the development of evidence-based nutritional interventions. She has authored and co-authored scientific publications in reputable journals and has been involved in academic and research activities within the field of nutrition. Her work reflects a commitment to advancing nutritional science and improving health outcomes through evidence-based nutrition education and intervention.