Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a term used to denote a combination of selected, widely prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related risk factors. Despite the ambiguous definition of MetS, it has been clearly associated with chronic kidney disease markers including reduced glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria and/or microalbuminuria, and histopathological markers such as tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The relationship between MetS and CKD is complex and bidirectional, and so is best understood when CKD is viewed as a common progressive illness along the course of which MetS, another common disease, may intervene and contribute. The prevalence of MetS and MetS-related renal injury is also different due to different races, lifestyles, and MetS diagnostic criteria. Early treatment of MetS is beneficial to prevent and delay the progression of kidney disease. Specific measures include lifestyle changes, weight control, managing hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and abnormal blood sugar. In recent years, studies have found that interventions targeting gut microbiota, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses, and stem cell transplantation may help to alleviate MetS-related nephropathy. Therefore, we will summarize the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment progress of MetS-related renal injury. Learning objectives: explain the link between MetS and CKD, understand pathophysiology, and review management strategies.

Farhana Faruque, FCPS (Internal Medicine), is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Internal Medicine at Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. She is actively involved in medical education, clinical practice, and patient care, with a strong commitment to the diagnosis and management of a broad spectrum of internal medicine conditions. With expertise in internal medicine, she contributes to the training of undergraduate and postgraduate medical students while providing evidence-based clinical care. Her academic and professional interests include improving patient outcomes through quality healthcare, clinical education, and the application of current medical practices. As a dedicated physician and educator, she continues to support advancements in internal medicine through her clinical service, teaching, and participation in scientific and academic initiatives.