Autoimmune diseases result largely from a deregulation of the specific immune system and are subdivided into two groups, systemic autoimmune disease of which the target antigen is distributed in different organs or tissues of the body (example, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis) and organ-specific autoimmune disease of which the target antigen is located in a tissue or a cell (example, autoimmune type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease). As for autoinflammatory diseases, they are due to an abnormality of innate immune system. Thus, two groups are distinguished, the monogenic autoinflammatory disease whose the mutation is carried by a gene of innate immunity (example, familial mediterranean fever, IgD deficiency) and polygenic auto-inflammatory disease whose several genes are involved in the dysregulation of innate immunity, subdivided also into two groups: “systemic” polygenic auto-inflammatory disease characterized by systemic impairement in their usual clinical form (sarcoidosis, Still's disease) and “organ-specific” polygenic auto-inflammatory diseases by organ-specific impairement in their typical clinical form (spondyloarthropathy, Crohn's disease). These nosological entities have in common the chronic inflammatory processes but their clinical and biological expressions are extremely variable. It is therefore important to analyze, in perspective, these large heterogeneous groups of inflammatory diseases as a whole in order to better understand epidemiological, immunogenetical, environmental, pathophysiological and clinical disparities, thus favoring research of therapeutic targets and new approaches for the preventive medicine. In the first instance, to appreciate these epidemiological and clinical disparities, we conducted a descriptive study with a retrospective data collection between 2005 and 2019 by providing the panorama of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases in the Internal Medicine Department. During the study period, 331 cases of autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases including 07 cases of associations were noted from 317 medical records, of which there were 291 cases of autoimmune diseases and 40 cases of autoinflammatory diseases. 

Kaly Keita has completed his Doctorate Degree in general medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontostomatology of Bamako in 2011 and his Specialized Study Diploma in the field of internal medicine in 2020. He is a writer, single author of a medical book and author of a medical book with multiple authors. Author or coauthor of more than thirtieth scientific articles and more than twentieth scientific communications, he is reviewer in some reputed medical journals.